Download >>> https://byltly.com/282kjg
Medications, drugs and medicines are employed to treat a wide variety of medical conditions. The earlier they are taken, the more likely it is that their target effect will be achieved. Sometimes it may be difficult for patients to take their medication, even when given in an easy-to-swallow format with precise instructions. Patients may not have enough time or access to transport the medication home after the visit, or there might be no suitable method of administering them in a timely manner. Tentatively due to the different types of medications available on the market today, this paper intends on evaluating possible techniques which can help patients who have difficulty taking their medicine at later stages. Medical literature is not always clear on how to administer medications and the appropriate dosage. The methods that we use to administer medication may just as important as the medication itself. The technique for administration should be based on the type of medicine and the patient’s condition: firstly: finding localized pain, secondly: finding a region to administer medicine, thirdly: determining an appropriate dose and fourthly: applying a technique for administration. In short, the aim of drug delivery system is to deliver drugs at their therapeutic site/sites without causing an unacceptable level of toxicities or other unwanted effects by employing a specific formulation design, which ensures that a better therapeutic outcome can be achieved with reduced side-effects. Types of drug administration: Orally: Entering the body through the gastrointestinal track and is the most common and widely used route. It is often used for treating diarrhea, it can be given in tablet, pill or liquid form. Delivering drugs orally is ideal as its absorption rate depends on whether the drug needs to be absorbed or excreted by the patient’s body. Absorption may vary from 30 minutes to 8 hours depending on formulation. Ethically, it is more acceptable as compared with other routes of administration because it doesn’t require needles which are associated with pain and discomfort to patients. It is also less costly because it involves larger doses of medicine. The major drawback of orally administered medications is that they must be absorbed by the body to be effective, while some drugs like lipophilic drugs (drugs that dissolve in fats) may not be absorbed even when given in an oral form . The pharmacokinetics can also play a role; for example, oral administration is preferred for weak acids while it is unsuitable for acidity bases. Rectally: Absorption occurs throughout the intestinal tract via the rectum. It differs from other routes of administration because penetration takes place without any enzymatic or gastric functions; it is therefore ideal for patients with illnesses like diarrhea or bowel obstruction. It also has a faster onset of action as compared with orally administered drugs. It can be given in the form of rectal enema, suppositories and rectal foams depending on the disease/disorder to be treated. It can also be used to administer drugs that cannot be taken by the oral route as a result of their toxicity. The major disadvantage is that it has been noted to have a low drug absorption rate as only 5% of drug concentration is absorbed systemically. Inhaled: Inhalation through nose or lung allows medication to enter the circulation via the respiratory tract. cfa1e77820
Comments